. claim, action;suit; ~ counter-claim, counter-action, countercharge; ~ claim of ownership; ~ patent action; ~ action of law, legal action;~   claim for damages; ~ -. sue smb. , lodge a claim against smb. ;bring* an action against smb.
|,  (.) 1. ( ) distort (smth.) ;      his fine features had been deeply changed by illness;2. () distort (smth.) , garble (smth.) , twist (smth.) ;~  twist facts;~,  become* distored;(  .) twist;~ . 1. () distortion;misrepresentation;2. (, ) distortion;~ 1. ( , ) distorted;2. (, ) garbled, misrepresented.
( ) . . ().
maimed, crippled;. ruined.
. (.) maim (smb., smth.) , cripple (smb.) ;. ruin (smb.).
. search (after) sg. , quest (for) sg.
. , ~ . seeker (after);~  pearl-diver;~  adventurer.
. 1. (.) look (for), search (for);2. (.; -., ) seek* (smth.) ;~  seek* advice;~  seek* an excuse/pretext.
|,  1. ( .  . ) exclude ( smb., smth. from);expel ( smb. from);~ -.   strike* smb.`s name off the lists; -.   expel smb. from school;2. . . (.;,  ) eliminate (smth.) ;rule out (smth.) ;~  -. rule out the possibility of smth. ;~ . :  ~ be* mutually exclusive;~ except, with the exeption of, barring; ~ not excepting;~ . 1. () expulsion, exclusion;2. () exeption;~   exception to the rule;   ~ there is always an exception to the rule;  ~ as an exception;  ~ everyone without exception; ~ -., -. except smb. , smth. , with the exception of smb. , smth. ;  ~ by process of elimination.
|1. (, ) exclusively;nothing but;2. () exceptionally; ~  he`s exceptionally gifted;~ . 1. () exceptional nature, exceptionality;2. () exclusiveness;~ 1. (, ) exceptional;~  exceptional case;2. () sole, exclusive;~  the sole/exclusive right.
|. 1. .  1;2.:  ~  it`s quite possible;  ~ any such contingency may be dismissed (as impossible); ~ it`s out of the question.
|1. () misshapen, twisted;2. ( ) corrupted;ruined;~  ruined life;3. () distorted; ~   in broken English.
. . .
. (.) . travel all over (smth.).
|. (.) . 1. beat* (smb.) up, rain blows (on); ~ he was beaten up;2. (, ) chip and dent (smth.) all over;    the door was chipped and dented all over.
. (.) 1. () prick and scratch (smb., smth.) all over;2. stud (smth.) ;    the map was dotted/studded with flags.
|. . an unknown (quantity);~ 1. sought-for;2. . sought  . , to be found  .
. . from time immemorial.
long-standing, time-honoured.
|1. . () mineral;~  mineral raw materials;2.  . . . :  ~ (economic) minerals;3. . ( , ) fossil;4.  . . . ( ) fossil, old fossil;5. . . () fossilized.
. (.) dig* up (smth.).
twisted;( ) warped.
. eradication, extirpation.
. . .
,  (.) root out (smth.) , eradicate (smth.) , extirpate (smth.) ;~  root out an evil;~  eradicate prejudices.
. sideways, askance;~   -. look askance at smb. ; ~ sidelong glance.
|. spark;~  gleam/glimmer of hope;  ~    I saw stars.
|sincerely, candidly;~  Yours sincerely;~ sincere;~ . sincerity.
( ) . . ().
. twist, curvature;distortion (. .) ;~  curvature of the spine;~   distortion of the political line.
,  (.) ( ) twist (smth.) , bend* (smth.) ;(  ) distort (smth.) ;~,  become* twisted, twist;become* distorted;     his face twisted with pain.
sparkling.
. sparkle.
. . spark-arrester.
sparkling;~  flashing glance.
. . .
. (.) crumble (smth.) , pulverize (smth.) ;. . slash (smb., smth.) to pieces;~ . crumble, fall* to pieces.
sparkling.
 I,  (.) 1. redeem (smth.) , expiate (smth.) ;atone (for);~   atone for one`s guilt;2. () make* up (for), make* amends (for), compensate (for).
 II. (.) . () give* (smb.) a bath.
 I,  1. be* redeemed (by), be* atoned (by);2. () be* made up for (by), be* compensated (by).
 II. . have* a bath.
|expiatory, redemptive;~  peace-offering, sin-offering.
. .  I;~ . .  I.
. redemption, expiation, atonement.
|. (.) bite* (smb.) (badly);  ~ I`ve been bitten all over by mosquitoes.
|. tempter;~ . . .
|. , ~ . . past master, expert.
skilful;~  skilled marksman*.
|. artificiality;~ 1. artificial;. . synthetic;~  artificial irrigation;~  artificial feeding;~  artificial flowers;~  synthetic/man-made fibre;2. () affected, artificial;~  affected smile;~   artificial Earth satellite, sputnik.
|. 1. art; ~ work of art; ~ dramatics; ~ elocution;2. (, ) skill, art;~   salesmanship;~   horsemanship; ~   be* proficient at chess; -.    ~ do* smth. for its own sake.
. art-critic;~ . art-criticism;~ art attr.
|,  (.) tempt (smb., smth.) ;~  tempt fate;~ . temptation.
experienced;~  well-tried.
. Islam.
|. , ~ . Icelander;~ Iceland attr. , Icelandic;~  Icelandic, the Icelandic language.
. Spaniard.
 I. Spanish woman*; ~ she`s Spanish.
 II. () Spanish flu.
Spanish;~  Spanish, the Spanish language.
|. 1. () evaporation;2. . . ( ) fume, vapour; ~ harmful/notious fumes.
. perspiration.
( ) . . ().
,  (.) evaporate (smth.) ;~,  evaporate;. vanish into thin air.
. (.) make* (smb., smth.) dirty;~ . make* one self dirty.
. . .
|,  (.) reduce (smb., smth.) to ashes;lay* (smth.) waste, incinerate;~: ~  withering glance.
. .  II 1;~ . .  I 1.
. . .
,  (. .) spot ( smth. with), dot ( smth. with), cover ( smth. with).
( ) . . ().
,  (.) 1. fill up (smth.) , cover (smth.) with writing;    he filled up three notebooks;2. . () use up (smth.) ;    she has used up her last pencil;~,  1. () be* used up;  the pencil is worn to a stump;2. ( ) exhaust one`s powers/inspiration, write* one self out.
. haggard, emaciated, gaunt.
. (.) drain (smth.) ;~    drain the cup of woe.
.  . (.) 1. . . ( ) profess (smth.) ;2. . hear* smb.`s confession;. () question (smb.) closely;~ .  . . confess;. unbosom one self.
|. confession;  ~ be* at confession.
. . little by little, gradually, at one`s leisure;~   -. prepare well in advance for smth.
. :  ~  -. , -. scowl at smb., smth. , lour at smb., smth.
|. 1. . under;2.  . . . undergarment, underwear.
 . stealthily, surreptitiously, on the quiet, on the sly; ~ laugh in one`s sleeve.
: ~ , ~  from time immemorial, since time began.
. giant;~ huge, gigantic; ~  huge man*.
. ( ) executive committee.
|. 1. () execution, fulfilment, performance;~  execution of an order;~  fulfilment of duty;~ ,  fulfilment of a wish, promise; ~   in the performance of one`s duties, in line of duty;  ~   when off duty;2. ( ) version; ~ tropical version; ~ export version;3. (  ) performance, rendering; ~ execution;~  rendering a song;    () ~ see* a good* (bad*) performance of play; ~ -. performed by smb.
|(.) full (of);~  filled with the desire;, ~  sorrowful eyes, sorrowing eyes.
|feasible;   ~! your wish can easily be gratified;  ~! that`s perfectly feasible!
. 1. doer, executor;~   executor;2. () performer; ~ bailiff, officer of the law;~ . 1. executrix ( pl. -ixes, -ices);2. () performer;~ . assiduity.
|1. executive;~  the executive (power);~  executive committee;2. ( ) efficient, conscientious;~  court order, writ, warrant.
|: ~  technical skill/brilliance;mastery.
. . ;~ . .  1, 3, 4.
|,  (.) 1. () execute (smth.) , fulfil (smth.) ;() discharge (smth.) ;attend (to), perform (smth.) ;~ -.  fulfil/meet* smb.`s wish;~  discharge one`s duty;~  keep* a promise;~  carry out an order, execute an order;~  comply with a request;2. (,  ) perform (smth.) ;(  .) sing* (smth.) ;~  take* the part;. play the role;~,  1. () be* fulfilled;2. . . ( ,  ) be* performed;~  performed for the first time;3. ( , ) be*; 50      fifty years have passed since the end of war;4. . ( ) :     18  he is just eighteen;   18  he will be eighteen tomorrow.
: ~   acting director.
. utilization, employment;~    the employment of all possible means.
.  . (.) use (smth.) ;utilize (smth.) ;make* use (of), employ (smth.) ;~ ,  take* the opportunity;~   use one`s influence;~   utilize waste materials;~  make* use of (one`s) reserves;~   exploit one`s advantage;~  make* use of experts;~   employ all means; ~ -. make* full use of smth.
( ) . . ().
. depravity.
1. spoilt;( ) decayed;( ) tainted;~  broken lock;2. () depraved;~  spoilt child.
. . vulgarize.
|remediable, rectifiable;( ) corrigible; ~ that can be set right.
-corrective-labour.
|corrective;~  reformatory, approved school;~  corrective measures.
( ) . . ().
|. 1. () correction, correcting;() repair;2. () correction; ~ make* corrections.
,  (.) 1. () repair (smth.) ;~  repair a radio;2. ( ) correct (smth.) , put* (smth.) right;~  correct a mistake;    revised and enlarged edition;3. () reform (smth.) ;  reform one`s character;~,  improve, reform, mend one`s ways;   he is quite a reformed character.
|. :  ~ in working order;(  ) in good condition;~ 1. ( ) in working order  . , in good repair  . ;  ~ this machine is in good working order;2. () conscientious.
|. excrements, faeces;~ . . ;~,  evacuate the bowels, defecate.
. (.) 1. ( , ) test (smth.) ;2. . ( ) taste (smth.) ;3. () try (smth.) ;~   try everything, leave* no stone upturned.
. fright; ~ in a fright; ~ in one`s fright.
|in fright;() timidly;~ frightened, scared, terrified.
( ) . . ().
,  (.) give* off (smth.) ;~  give* off an odour;  utter a cry;  expire, breath one`s last.
. . .
|. 1. test, trial; ~ guarantee tests; ~ state testing, official tests; ~ factory tests; ~ check tests, penalty tests; ~ laboratory tests; ~ acceptance tests; ~ proof tests; ~ commissioning tests; ~ performance/maintenance tests, in-service testing;~    market tests; ~ -. test smth. ;~   nuclear weapon test; ~ conduct tests; ~  stand* the test of time;2. () examination;3. ( ) ordeal, trial.
|tried;~  well-tried remedy;~  tried friend;~   tried in battle, battle-tested.
. tester;-~ test pilot.
test attr. , trial attr. , probationary;~  proving ground;~  test-flight;~  period of probation;~  trial run.
|. .  1, 2;~ searching, scrutinizing;~  searching look.
,  (.) 1. () try (smth.) , test (smb., smth.) ;~  test an engine;~ -.  try smb.`s patience;2. (   ) feel (smth.) , experience (smth.) ;undergo* (smth.) ; -.   have* personal experience of smth. ;~  experience/know* hardship;3. . . experience;~   -. be* short of smth.
|. 1. () research (into);investigation (of);() exploration (of);. analysis (of);~  medical examination;~      research into the uses of nuclear energy;~   space exploration;2. ( ) work (on), study (of);~ . researcher;scientist, expert;() explorer;~ research attr.
.  . (.) investigate (smth.) ;() study (smth.) ;() explore (smth.) ;. analyse (smth.) ;~  examine a patient.
. since olden days; ~  it`s an ancient custom.
. suffer bitterly, be* worn out with suffering.
|. frenzy; ~ in a frenzy;  ~ fly* into a rage;~ frenzied, frantic, frenetic.
|,  (.) dry up (smth.) ;( ) wither (smth.) ;. consume (smb.) ;   she is wasted with grief;~ . . .
,  1. ( , ) dry up;2. () run* out;(   . .) give* out, be* exhausted;   his strength gave out.
. . .
,  (.) 1. () trample (smth.) ;2. . () :   leave* footmarks on the floor;3. . ( ) wear* out (smth.).
. melt (completely);~   pine, languish.
,  1. (, ) expire, elapse;  time is up;2.: ~  be* bleeding to death;. pour out one`s life-blood.
|past; ~  ( ) for the past year;( ) during/in the past year;  ~  the figures for the past year, last year`s figures; ~    much has been done during the past year;20-  ~  on the 20th ult(imo).
() lacerated, gashed;( , ) lacerated;() worn out, tormented;() torn, twisted;() bedraggled.
. 1. () tear* (smb.) to pieces;2. () wear* (smb.) out, torment (smb.).
|. hysteriac;~ . fit of hysteria;  ~ be* in hysterics;  ~,  ~ go* into hysterics, make* a hysterical scene;~ hysterical;~ . hysterical woman*; ~ she gets hysterical;~ hysterical.
. hysteria; ~ war hysteria.
. . plaintiff, petitioner;~   plaintiff before the court.
|. 1. flow;2. () termination, expiration; ~   after two hours, two hours later; ~   after a certain lapse of time.
. . .
|. truth;    ~ there is a grain of truth in that; ~ gospel truth; ~ truism.
|truly, veritably;~ true;~  the truth;~  true friend;~   . apparent solar time;  - ~ ! the child`s veritable infliction!
,  1. () rot;2. () be* reduced to ashes;  the coals had burned to ashes.
. . .
. devoutly, fervently, zealously;~ . devout, assiduous.
. 1. source;2. . . ( -.) source, root.
|. interpretation;~ . interpreter, commentator, expounder;~ . . .
,  (.) interpret (smth.) ;  -. misinterpret smth. , misread* smth. , put* a wrong construction on smth.
. (.) pound (smth.) , grind* (smth.).
. languor, lassitude.
. (.) weary (smb.) , exhaust (smb.) ;~ . be* wearied.
exhausted, worn-out.
. (.) () heat (smth.).
. stoker;boiler-man*.
. . .
. . anecdote, story, episode, incident.
. historian.
. historiographer.
. historiography.
|1. historical;~  the science of history;~  historical fact;~  historical period/epoch;~  historical novel;~     historical approach to one`s subject;~  historical geography;2. () historic, epoch-making;~  historic speech;~  epoch-making decision.
|. 1. history; ~ laws of history;~   history of the Middle Ages, medieval history;~  history of art;~    the truth about this affair is as follows;  ~ go* down in history;2. () story;3. . () event, thing;episode;   ~ run* into trouble;~  case history; ~! always the same old story!;  ~! what a nuisance!
. grow* sick with longing;( . ) miss (smb., smth.) ;~  ,   yearn for home, be* homesick.
. (.) shed* (smth.) , yield (smth.).
. 1. () spring; ~ hot spring; ~ oil-well;2. (,    -.) origin, source;~  source of information; ~ reliable source;~  source of light;~  sources of raw materials;~   means of increasing income, source of increased income;3. ( ) source, source-book.
. source study.
|. blood-curdling; ~  give* a blood-curdling shriek.
|,  (.) exhaust (smb., smth.) ;~  impoverish the soil;  exhaust stocks;~  drain/sap energy;~,  1. () weaken, dwindle;( ) be* impoverished/exhausted;2. (  ) be* exhausted, get* low, run* out;( , ) run* thin;   my patience is exhausted, my patience is at an end;~ . 1. () exhaustion;(  .) impoverishment; ~ nervous exhaustion;2. () depletion;~    depletion of iron deposits.
|1. exhausted;2. () emaciated;~( ) . . ().
( ) . . ().
. 1. destroyer;2. () fighter (aircraft);~ 1. destructive;~  war of extermination/annihilation;2. . fighter attr. ;~  fighter aircraft;fighter force.
. . .
|. destruction, extermination;~  wholesale destruction of forests;~,  (.) destroy (smb., smth.) , exterminate (smb., smth.).
. obtain on demand.
. dilapidated, tattered;very much the worse for wear  ., . ;. worn, jaded, frayed.
. (.) . (   . .) wear* (smth.) to rags;(   . .) spoil* (smth.) , wear* (smth.) out;~  fray ones`s nerves;~ . . 1. get* worn out;2. () wear* one self out, wear* one self to a shadow.
. idol; ~ 1) () stand* stock-still;2) (  ) stand* like a dummy.
true, genuine;~  a true scholar.
|. torture;~ . torturer;~ . (.) torture (smb.).
. 1. (  ) way out, solution;    ~! it`s my only way out;2. () end, close;() outcome, issue, culmination; ~ fatal outcome;  ~ the day is drawing to its close; ~  towards evening;    ~ food supplies were running out;3. (.) . (the Book of) Exodus.
 I. (.;) go* all over (smth.).
 II. 1. (,  . ; ) come* (from);( ) originate (with, from);2. ( . ; ) proceed (from);~  ... proceed from the supposition..., start with the assumption...
 III, : ~  be* in floods of tears;sob one`s heart out;  bleed* to death.
|starting;~  source material;~ ,  starting-point;~  initial data;~  1) point of departure;2) ( ) starting position;~  starting line, starting-point.
|: ~  reference number.
|wasted, emaciated, haggard;~ . become* emaciated.
lacerated, badly scratched.
. (.) scratch (smb., smth.) ;~  scratch one`s hands badly;~ . . scratch one self, get* scratched all over.
|. 1. cure;healing;2. () recovery;~ . healer;~( ) . . ().
,  (.) cure (smb.) , heal (smb.) ;~,  ( . ) be* cured (of), be* healed (of), recover (from).
. : ~  devil incarnate.
. waste away.
|,  disappear, vanish;  the pain disappeared;  ? where did you disappear to?;~ . disappearance.
. . .
. . .
|,  (.) 1. exhaust (smth.) , drain (smth.) ;2. (  ) complete (smth.) ;  the matter is settled;~  reach the limit of one`s resources;~ . :    ~ the matter will not rest here;  ~    his work has importance beyond this;~ exhaustive;~  exhaustive/comprehensive answer;~  exhaustive explanation.
. . .
,  (.) cover (smth.) (with lines).
. 1. () calculation, computation;~  . calculation of a tax, tax calculation;2. . calculus.
. . .
,  (.) estimate (smth.) , calculate (smth.) ;compute (smth.) ;~  estimate/calculate expenses.
|. ( . ) come* (to), amount (to); ~  500  the cost is calculated/estimated at five hundred roubles.
